EPPP Part 1 and Part 2: The PsyD Graduate’s Strategic Study Plan for 2025
As of January 2020, the EPPP transitioned to a two-part examination structure. Over 15,000 psychology doctoral graduates now face this enhanced assessment annually, with first-time pass rates hovering around 59% for Part 1 and varying significantly for the newer Part 2 Skills examination.
The Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) represents the final academic hurdle between your doctorate in clinical psychology and professional licensure. This comprehensive examination, now divided into two distinct components, tests both foundational knowledge and practical competencies essential for independent practice. For PsyD graduates, who have invested years in practitioner-focused training, mastering this examination requires strategic preparation that aligns with your clinical orientation while addressing the broad theoretical content demanded by the assessment.
The evolution from a single examination to the current two-part structure reflects the profession’s recognition that competent practice requires both theoretical knowledge and applied skills. Part 1 (Knowledge) maintains the traditional format, assessing eight content domains through 225 multiple-choice questions. Part 2 (Skills), introduced more recently, evaluates practical competencies through scenario-based assessments. This dual structure presents unique challenges for PsyD graduates, particularly those whose programs emphasized clinical training over research methodology.
This strategic guide offers evidence-based preparation strategies, detailed timelines, and comprehensive resource recommendations specifically tailored for PsyD graduates. We address not only initial preparation but also the emotional and financial considerations of potential retaking, acknowledging that the path to licensure may require multiple attempts for even highly capable candidates.
Understanding the EPPP Structure and Requirements
The contemporary EPPP represents a significant evolution in psychology licensure assessment, reflecting the profession’s commitment to ensuring both theoretical competence and practical readiness. The Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards (ASPPB) administers this examination, which serves as the standardized assessment accepted by all U.S. states and Canadian provinces for psychology licensure. Understanding the examination’s structure, scoring mechanisms, and jurisdictional requirements forms the foundation of effective preparation.
Part 1 (Knowledge): Foundation Assessment
Part 1 maintains the traditional EPPP format, comprising 225 multiple-choice questions administered over 4 hours and 15 minutes. Of these questions, 175 are scored while 50 serve as experimental items for future test development. The examination covers eight primary content domains, each weighted according to its perceived importance in professional practice:
Biological Bases of Behavior (10-12%): This domain encompasses neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, psychopharmacology, and the biological underpinnings of psychological phenomena. Questions typically address neurotransmitter systems, brain structure-function relationships, and the physiological bases of psychological disorders.
Cognitive-Affective Bases of Behavior (11-13%): Coverage includes learning theory, memory processes, emotion regulation, and cognitive development across the lifespan. Expect questions on classical and operant conditioning, information processing models, and theories of emotional development.
Social and Cultural Bases of Behavior (10-12%): This section examines social psychology principles, cultural influences on behavior, and diversity considerations in psychological practice. Topics include group dynamics, prejudice and discrimination, cultural competence, and social cognitive theory.
Growth and Lifespan Development (11-13%): Developmental psychology from conception through death, including physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development. Questions address major developmental theories, milestones, and age-related changes in psychological functioning.
Assessment and Diagnosis (13-15%): The largest content area covers psychological testing principles, diagnostic criteria, and assessment methodologies. This includes psychometrics, test construction, validity and reliability, and familiarity with major assessment instruments.
Treatment and Intervention (13-15%): Another primary domain addressing therapeutic approaches, intervention strategies, and treatment planning across diverse populations and settings. Questions cover evidence-based practices, therapeutic relationships, and the effectiveness of interventions.
Research Methods and Statistics (8-10%): Statistical concepts, research design, and methodological considerations in psychological research. This includes hypothesis testing, effect sizes, internal and external validity, and ethical research practices.
Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues (6-8%): Professional ethics codes, legal requirements, and practice standards. Questions address confidentiality, informed consent, mandatory reporting, and professional boundaries.
Part 2 (Skills): Competency Assessment
Part 2 represents a paradigm shift in licensure assessment, utilizing technology-enhanced scenarios to evaluate practical competencies. Administered over 4 hours, this examination presents approximately 60 scenario-based items that simulate real-world professional situations. The examination evaluates six skill domains critical to professional practice:
Scientific Orientation: The ability to integrate scientific knowledge into practice, evaluate research evidence, and apply empirical findings to clinical decision-making. Scenarios may require interpreting research findings, evaluating treatment efficacy, or applying evidence-based principles to case conceptualization.
Assessment and Intervention: Practical application of assessment and treatment skills, including case formulation, treatment planning, and intervention implementation. Scenarios present complex clinical situations requiring integrated assessment and intervention decisions.
Ethical and Legal Issues: Application of ethical principles and legal requirements to practice situations. Scenarios often present ethical dilemmas that require a nuanced understanding of professional codes and jurisdictional regulations.
Individual and Cultural Diversity: Demonstration of cultural competence and ability to work effectively with diverse populations. Scenarios assess awareness of cultural factors, adaptation of interventions, and recognition of diversity influences on psychological functioning.
Professional Development: Understanding of professional identity, continuing education requirements, and career development considerations. Scenarios may address supervision, consultation, and professional growth planning.
Interpersonal and Communication Skills: Effectiveness in professional communication, collaboration, and relationship management. Scenarios evaluate written communication, interdisciplinary collaboration, and management of challenging interpersonal situations.
Strategic Insight: While Part 1 rewards broad theoretical knowledge and memorization, Part 2 demands practical judgment and clinical reasoning. PsyD graduates often find Part 2 more aligned with their training emphasis; however, the scenario-based format requires specific preparation strategies distinct from those used for traditional multiple-choice examinations.
Part 1 (Knowledge): Comprehensive Preparation Strategy
Successful preparation for Part 1 requires systematic coverage of extensive content while developing test-taking strategies specific to the EPPP format. PsyD graduates face unique challenges given the examination’s emphasis on theoretical knowledge that may have received less attention in practitioner-focused programs. This comprehensive approach addresses content mastery, strategic review, and performance optimization.
Content Prioritization Strategy
Begin preparation by conducting an honest self-assessment of your knowledge across the eight content domains. Most PsyD programs provide strong preparation in assessment, diagnosis, and intervention domains, which collectively represent 26-30% of the examination. However, biological bases and research methods often require supplementary study. Create a weighted study plan that allocates time proportional to both domain weighting and your personal knowledge gaps.
For biological bases, focus on high-yield topics, including neurotransmitter systems (particularly dopamine, serotonin, GABA, and norepinephrine), major brain structures and their functions, and basic psychopharmacology. Understanding medication classes, mechanisms of action, and common side effects is essential, as these topics consistently appear across examinations.
Research methods and statistics, although representing a smaller percentage, often pose a challenge to clinically oriented graduates. Prioritize understanding of effect sizes, statistical power, threats to validity, and basic research designs. Focus particularly on concepts such as Type I and Type II errors, correlation versus causation, and the interpretation of confidence intervals.
Active Learning Methodologies
Passive reading of review materials proves insufficient for EPPP success. Implement active learning strategies that promote deep understanding and retention. Create comprehensive flashcards for key terms, theories, and diagnostic criteria, utilizing spaced repetition software like Anki or Quizlet to optimize review scheduling. The forgetting curve research suggests reviewing material at expanding intervals: 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and monthly thereafter.
Develop concept maps linking related theories, theorists, and applications. For example, create visual representations connecting developmental theorists (Piaget, Erikson, Kohlberg) with their stage theories, key concepts, and clinical applications. These visual aids facilitate understanding of relationships between concepts while providing efficient review tools.
Form or join study groups with fellow PsyD graduates preparing for the examination. Weekly meetings focusing on specific content domains enable peer teaching, a learning strategy that research has demonstrated to be one of the most effective. Rotate responsibility for presenting topics, creating practice questions, and facilitating discussions.
Practice Testing and Performance Analysis
Regular practice testing serves dual purposes: content reinforcement and identification of knowledge gaps. Begin with domain-specific practice tests to establish baseline performance in each area. Maintain a detailed error log that documents missed questions, identifies patterns in errors, and tracks improvement over time.
Analyze each incorrect response to understand not only the correct answer but also why your chosen response was wrong. Categorize errors as knowledge deficits (didn’t know the material), comprehension issues (misunderstood the question), or test-taking errors (knew the material but selected incorrectly). This analysis guides targeted remediation efforts.
Progress from untimed practice to timed conditions, ultimately completing full-length practice examinations under conditions mimicking the actual test environment. Aim to complete at least five full-length practice examinations in the final weeks of preparation, targeting scores consistently above your state’s passing threshold plus a safety margin.
Part 2 (Skills): Competency-Based Preparation
Part 2 preparation requires a fundamental shift from knowledge acquisition to skill demonstration. The scenario-based format assesses clinical judgment, professional reasoning, and practical application of psychological principles. For PsyD graduates, this examination often aligns more closely with their training emphasis; however, the computer-based scenario format presents unique challenges that require specific preparation strategies.
Understanding Scenario-Based Assessment
Part 2 scenarios simulate professional situations requiring integrated decision-making across multiple competency domains. Unlike traditional multiple-choice questions with single correct answers, scenarios often present situations where various responses may be defensible, with scoring based on the quality of professional judgment demonstrated. Understanding this nuanced scoring approach proves essential for effective preparation.
Scenarios typically begin with a clinical vignette that provides background information, presents concerns, and outlines relevant history. Subsequent questions explore various aspects of professional practice, from initial assessment decisions through treatment planning, ethical considerations, and professional communication. Responses may involve selecting the best actions from options, prioritizing interventions, or identifying critical considerations.
The examination utilizes various item formats beyond traditional multiple-choice, including multiple-select items (choosing all appropriate responses), ordered response items (ranking actions by priority), and hot spot items (clicking on relevant areas of documents or images). Familiarity with these formats through practice reduces cognitive load during the actual examination.
Clinical Reasoning Development
Strengthen clinical reasoning skills through systematic case analysis using structured frameworks. The SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan) format provides one useful structure for organizing clinical thinking. For each practice scenario, document subjective information (client report), objective data (test results and observations), assessment (diagnostic impressions and case formulation), and plan (intervention strategies and referrals).
Develop decision trees for common clinical presentations, mapping assessment approaches, differential diagnoses, and intervention options. For example, create flowcharts for evaluating depression that include screening for bipolar disorder, medical causes, substance use, and comorbid conditions. These visual aids reinforce systematic clinical thinking while providing quick reference during review.
Practice articulating clinical reasoning aloud, explaining your decision-making process to study partners or mentors. This verbalization helps identify gaps in reasoning, strengthens professional communication skills, and prepares for scenarios requiring written justification of clinical decisions.
Ethical Decision-Making Practice
Ethical scenarios feature prominently in Part 2, often presenting complex situations without clear-cut solutions. Develop a systematic approach to ethical analysis using established decision-making models. The Canadian Psychological Association’s ethical decision-making model provides a useful framework: identify the ethical issue, consider stakeholders, analyze using ethical principles, evaluate options, select and implement action, and evaluate outcomes.
Review your jurisdiction’s specific ethical codes and legal requirements, as Part 2 scenarios may reference jurisdictional variations in practice standards. Create comparison charts that document differences in mandatory reporting requirements, duty-to-warn provisions, and consent procedures across jurisdictions.
Practice applying ethical principles to ambiguous situations through case discussions with colleagues or supervisors. Focus particularly on scenarios involving multiple relationships, confidentiality limits, informed consent with vulnerable populations, and conflicts between ethical and legal requirements.
Clinical Correlation: Many Part 2 scenarios mirror situations encountered during internship and practicum experiences. Reflect on challenging cases from your clinical training, considering how you would approach similar situations with your current knowledge and experience. This reflection bridges academic preparation with practical experience.
Strategic 16-Week Study Timeline
This evidence-based timeline provides structured preparation for both EPPP components, assuming dedication of 15-20 hours weekly to study activities. The schedule integrates content review, practice testing, and skill development, maintaining a sustainable pace to prevent burnout. You can adjust this timeline based on your individual circumstances, knowledge baseline, and target test date.
Weeks 1-4: Foundation and Assessment Phase
Week 1: Comprehensive Self-Assessment
Complete baseline assessments for both Part 1 domains and Part 2 competencies. You can take a full-length Part 1 practice examination without prior study to set your starting point. Document scores by domain, identifying strengths and weaknesses. Review Part 2 sample scenarios to understand format and expectations. Create a study schedule, gather necessary materials, and establish a suitable study environment.
Week 2: Study Plan Development
Develop a detailed study plan allocating time based on domain weighting and personal needs. Calculate the required score improvement and set weekly benchmarks. Establish study groups or accountability partnerships. Begin creating master study materials, including flashcards, concept maps, and summary sheets. Review the test registration requirements and deadlines for your jurisdiction.
Week 3: Biological Bases and Research Methods
Focus on traditionally challenging domains for PsyD graduates. Review neuroanatomy using 3D brain models or apps. Master neurotransmitter systems and psychopharmacology basics. Refresh your understanding of statistical concepts, including effect sizes, power analysis, and hypothesis testing. Complete domain-specific practice questions, maintaining an error log.
Week 4: Cognitive-Affective and Social Bases
Review learning theories, memory models, and emotion regulation concepts. Study social psychology principles, including attribution theory, social influence, and group dynamics. Integrate cultural considerations across domains. Complete the first mini-assessment, covering the content from weeks 1-4, and analyze performance patterns.
Weeks 5-8: Intensive Content Review
Week 5: Developmental Psychology Comprehensive Review
Master developmental theories from prenatal through end-of-life. Create timeline charts comparing major theorists (Piaget, Erikson, Kohlberg, Bowlby). Review developmental milestones and age-appropriate expectations. Study developmental psychopathology and risk/protective factors across the lifespan.
Week 6: Assessment and Diagnosis Deep Dive
Review psychometric principles, including reliability, validity, and test construction. Study primary assessment instruments for cognitive, personality, and neuropsychological evaluation. Master DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for major disorder categories. Practice differential diagnosis through case vignettes.
Week 7: Treatment and Intervention Strategies
Review evidence-based treatments for major psychological disorders. Compare theoretical orientations and their applications. Study group therapy principles, family systems approaches, and specialized interventions. Review treatment planning and progress monitoring strategies to ensure the delivery of adequate care.
Week 8: Ethics, Law, and Professional Issues
Master the APA Ethics Code and jurisdictional variations. Review the legal requirements, including mandatory reporting, the duty to warn, and record-keeping. Study professional development topics including supervision, consultation, and business practices. Complete mid-point comprehensive assessment, adjusting study plan based on results.
Weeks 9-12: Integration and Practice
Week 9: Part 2 Skills Development
Transition focus to Part 2 preparation. Practice scenario-based reasoning using available sample items. Develop systematic approaches to clinical decision-making. Review professional communication standards and documentation requirements to ensure compliance. Complete Part 2 practice scenarios across all competency domains.
Week 10: Integrated Practice Testing
Complete a full-length Part 1 practice examination under timed conditions. Analyze performance to identify remaining knowledge gaps. Begin daily practice question routine (25-50 questions). Review Part 2 scenarios focusing on ethical dilemmas and cultural considerations.
Week 11: Targeted Remediation
Address identified weaknesses through focused study. Create condensed review materials for the final weeks. Practice rapid retrieval of key information through timed drills to enhance your ability to recall essential details. Complete domain-specific practice tests for problematic areas. Strengthen Part 2 clinical reasoning through case discussions.
Week 12: Performance Optimization
Refine test-taking strategies, including time management and approach to questions. Practice stress management and test anxiety reduction techniques. Complete the second full-length practice examination, comparing it to the week 10 performance. Simulate Part 2 testing conditions using available practice platforms.
Weeks 13-16: Final Preparation
Week 13: Comprehensive Review
Review all summary materials and flashcards using spaced repetition. Complete daily practice sets mixing all domains. Focus on memorization of specific facts, criteria, and percentages. Maintain a consistent sleep schedule and self-care practices.
Week 14: Final Practice Examinations
Complete two full-length Part 1 practice examinations, analyzing performance trends. Practice Part 2 scenarios emphasizing time management. Review error logs identifying persistent challenges. Begin tapering study intensity to prevent burnout.
Week 15: Consolidation and Confidence Building
Focus on maintaining knowledge rather than acquiring new information. Review high-yield facts and frequently tested concepts. Practice relaxation and visualization techniques. Complete logistics planning for test day, including travel and accommodations.
Week 16: Final Preparation Week
Light review focusing on confidence building. Complete one final practice test early in the week: review test day strategies and timing approaches. Maintain a regular sleep schedule and practice effective stress management. The day before the examination: conduct a light review, focusing on relaxation and mental preparation.
Essential Resources and Study Materials
Selecting appropriate study resources has a significant impact on preparation efficiency and examination success. The market offers numerous EPPP preparation materials varying in comprehensiveness, format, and cost. This section evaluates primary resources, providing evidence-based recommendations tailored to different learning styles and preparation needs.
Comprehensive Review Programs
AATBS (Association for Advanced Training in the Behavioral Sciences): The most established EPPP preparation program, AATBS offers comprehensive study materials, online workshops, and personalized study plans. Their materials include detailed content review, thousands of practice questions, and simulated examinations. The program’s strength lies in its systematic coverage and proven track record; however, the substantial cost ($1,295-$1,595) may be a challenge for budget-conscious students. AATBS reports a 95% pass rate for students completing their whole program.
PsychPrep: A more affordable alternative ($595-$895), PsychPrep offers a solid content review, with a particular strength in practice questions that closely mirror actual EPPP items. Their online platform features adaptive learning technology that adjusts the difficulty level based on individual performance. While less comprehensive than AATBS, PsychPrep offers excellent value for self-directed learners comfortable with independent study.
Academic Review: Positioned between AATBS and PsychPrep in both price and comprehensiveness, Academic Review ($895-$1,195) emphasizes visual learning through detailed charts, diagrams, and mnemonics. Their materials excel in organizing complex information into digestible formats, particularly beneficial for visual learners. The program includes live online workshops and personalized coaching options.
Supplementary Study Materials
Flashcard Systems: Whether using commercial products or creating custom cards, flashcards prove invaluable for memorizing specific facts, diagnostic criteria, and theoretical concepts. The EPPP Flash Cards by Jaben Products provide comprehensive coverage of key terms and concepts. Alternatively, creating personalized flashcards using Anki or Quizlet allows customization based on individual knowledge gaps.
Practice Question Banks: Beyond those included in comprehensive programs, additional practice questions reinforce learning and improve test-taking skills. PsychExam.com offers affordable question banks organized by domain, allowing targeted practice. The ASPPB’s official practice examinations, while expensive ($85 each), provide the most authentic simulation of actual test conditions.
Reference Texts: Although not explicitly designed for EPPP preparation, specific textbooks offer a deeper understanding of challenging topics. For biological bases, Carlson’s “Foundations of Behavioral Neuroscience” offers accessible yet comprehensive coverage. For research methods, Kazdin’s “Research Design in Clinical Psychology” clarifies complex methodological concepts.
Part 2 Specific Resources
Part 2 preparation resources remain limited, given the recent implementation of the examination. The ASPPB provides sample items that demonstrate various question formats; however, the restricted quantity is necessary for preparation. Several comprehensive review programs now include Part 2 preparation modules, although the content continues to evolve as more data becomes available about examination content and format.
Clinical case study books, while not explicitly designed for Part 2, provide valuable practice in clinical reasoning. Recommended titles include “Case Studies in Clinical Psychological Science” by Hersen and “Clinical Case Formulations” by Eells. These texts present complex cases that require integrated assessment and intervention planning, similar to Part 2 scenarios.
Professional development resources addressing ethics, cultural competence, and professional communication prove valuable for Part 2 preparation. The APA’s Ethics Code, accompanied by commentary, cultural competence training materials, and professional writing guides, strengthens the skills assessed in Part 2 scenarios.
Technology-Enhanced Learning Tools
Mobile applications enable studying during commutes or brief intervals throughout the day. The EPPP Study by Higher Learning Technologies offers comprehensive content review, optimized for mobile devices. The app includes progress tracking, customizable quizzes, and offline access to materials.
Podcast and video resources supplement traditional study materials, particularly beneficial for auditory learners. The “EPPP Podcast” provides domain-specific review episodes, while YouTube channels like “Psychology in Seattle” offer engaging explanations of complex concepts. These resources prove particularly valuable during exercise or commute times when traditional studying proves impractical.
Online study communities provide peer support and collaborative learning opportunities. The EPPP Study Group on Facebook maintains active discussions, resource sharing, and emotional support. Reddit’s r/EPPP community offers advice, study strategies, and encouragement from current and past test-takers.
Test Day Strategies and Performance Optimization
Optimal test day performance requires strategic preparation extending beyond content knowledge. Managing test anxiety, maintaining stamina during lengthy examinations, and employing effective test-taking strategies have a significant impact on outcomes. This section provides evidence-based approaches to maximize performance on examination day.
Pre-Examination Preparation
The week preceding your examination should focus on maintaining knowledge while optimizing physical and mental condition. Avoid intensive studying that may increase anxiety or fatigue. Instead, engage in a light review of summary materials and confidence-building activities. Maintain a consistent sleep schedule, aiming for 7-9 hours of sleep nightly. Research has demonstrated that sleep deprivation significantly impairs cognitive performance, particularly in areas that require sustained attention and complex reasoning.
Complete all logistical arrangements well in advance to minimize stress on the day of the event. Confirm your testing appointment, review identification requirements, and understand prohibited items policies. Visit the testing center location if you are unfamiliar with the area, to identify parking options and estimate travel time. Prepare comfortable, layered clothing accommodating varying room temperatures.
The night before the examination, engage in relaxing activities and avoid intense study or anxiety-provoking content. Prepare all required materials, including identification, confirmation documents, and an approved calculator if permitted. Set multiple alarms to ensure timely awakening, and arrange for backup transportation if relying on unreliable vehicles or public transit.
Examination Day Protocol
Morning preparation has a significant impact on performance during lengthy examinations. Wake early enough to complete normal morning routines without rushing. Consume a balanced breakfast including complex carbohydrates and protein while avoiding excessive caffeine that may increase anxiety or cause mid-examination crashes. Mild physical activity, such as walking or stretching, can enhance alertness and reduce tension.
Arrive at the testing center 30 minutes before the scheduled time, allowing for unexpected delays while avoiding excessive waiting that may increase anxiety. Use waiting time for relaxation exercises rather than cramming at the last minute. Progressive muscle relaxation, deep breathing, or visualization techniques effectively manage pre-examination anxiety.
During examination check-in, carefully review all instructions and ask clarifying questions about procedures or technical issues that you may have. Learn how to flag questions for review, navigate between items, and access available tools such as calculators or reference materials. Familiarize yourself with the testing interface during tutorial time rather than rushing to begin questions.
Strategic Approaches During Examination
Time management proves critical given the extensive content and limited timeframe. For Part 1’s 225 questions in 255 minutes, allocate approximately 1 minute and 13 seconds per question. However, adopt a flexible approach, allowing more time for complex items while moving quickly through straightforward questions. Use the examination’s marking feature to flag challenging questions for review if time permits.
Employ systematic question analysis by beginning with a careful reading of the stems before reviewing the options. Identify key words like “most,” “least,” “except,” or “not” that fundamentally alter the question’s meaning. For lengthy vignettes, consider reading the question first to focus attention on relevant information during subsequent passage review.
When uncertain, use strategic guessing informed by partial knowledge. Eliminate incorrect options to improve odds. Look for absolute terms like “always” or “never” that often indicate incorrect responses. Consider the examination’s tendency to test mainstream perspectives rather than those of more controversial or cutting-edge theories.
Manage fatigue by strategically using scheduled breaks. While the clock continues during breaks, brief respites for stretching, restroom use, or consuming snacks may improve subsequent performance. Monitor your energy levels, taking breaks before fatigue significantly impairs performance rather than pushing through exhaustion.
Performance Tip: Research indicates that changing answers often improves scores, contradicting common test-taking folklore. If, upon review, you have clear reasoning for changing a response, trust your judgment rather than adhering to “never change your answer” myths. Studies show that 55-60% of changed answers move from incorrect to correct.
Failure Recovery: Strategic Retaking Planning
Despite thorough preparation, approximately 41% of first-time test-takers do not achieve passing scores on Part 1, with Part 2 failure rates varying significantly by jurisdiction. Experiencing examination failure triggers profound emotional responses, including grief, shame, and questioning of professional identity. This section addresses both emotional processing and strategic planning for successful retaking, acknowledging the substantial psychological and financial investment required.
Emotional Processing and Resilience Building
Initial reactions to failure often include shock, denial, and anger—normal responses to significant disappointment after extensive preparation. Allow yourself time to process these emotions rather than immediately diving into renewed preparation. Many successful psychologists initially failed, but retaking the test served as a growth experience that ultimately enhanced their professional development.
Avoid isolation during this challenging period. Connect with mentors, supervisors, or colleagues who can offer valuable perspectives and support. Many experienced professionals willingly share their examination struggles, normalizing the experience and providing hope. Consider joining support groups specifically for EPPP retakers, where members understand unique challenges and can offer practical advice.
Reframe failure as data rather than a defining characteristic. The examination assessed performance on a specific day under specific conditions, not your worth as a professional or potential as a psychologist. Analyze results objectively, identifying patterns that inform targeted preparation. This growth mindset approach transforms setbacks into opportunities for enhanced learning and growth.
Address potential shame and stigma through selective disclosure and boundary setting. While some individuals provide invaluable support, others may offer unhelpful comparisons or judgments. Choose carefully whom to inform about retaking, prioritizing relationships that offer genuine support over those characterized by competition or criticism.
Strategic Analysis and Preparation Adjustment
Obtain your score report and analyze your performance across domains to identify specific weaknesses. Look for patterns: Did you struggle with particular content areas or types of questions? Was anxiety, time management, or fatigue a significant factor? This analysis informs the development of targeted remediation plans that address root causes, rather than simply intensifying previous approaches.
Consider whether your preparation strategy aligned with your learning style and life circumstances. Group study would benefit individuals who have studied independently, while structured programs might help those who have previously self-directed their learning. Evaluate whether work schedules, family obligations, or other stressors significantly impacted preparation, adjusting plans accordingly.
Develop a realistic timeline for retaking that strikes a balance between urgency and adequate preparation. While motivation may push toward immediate retaking, ensure sufficient time for meaningful improvement. Most successful retakers dedicate 8-12 weeks to focused preparation, though individual needs vary based on initial performance and available study time.
Address test anxiety if it significantly impacts performance. Consider working with a therapist specializing in performance anxiety, learning evidence-based techniques like cognitive restructuring and systematic desensitization. Some retakers benefit from anti-anxiety medication, though this requires careful coordination with prescribers and consideration of potential cognitive effects.
Financial Considerations for Retaking
Retaking involves substantial financial investment beyond examination fees. Part 1 costs $600, plus jurisdiction-specific fees ranging from $50 to $300. Part 2 adds $450, plus administrative fees. Multiple attempts quickly accumulate thousands in direct costs, not considering lost income from study time or additional preparation materials.
Evaluate whether investing in different or additional study resources justifies the expense. If previous preparation relied primarily on self-study, comprehensive review courses may provide a structure and support that is worth the investment. Conversely, those who have previously used expensive programs might find targeted tutoring or supplementary materials to be more cost-effective.
Explore financial assistance options, including employer support, primarily if you work in settings that require licensure. Some employers offer examination fee reimbursement or paid study time for employees pursuing licensure. Student loans may cover examination-related expenses for students who are still enrolled in degree programs or recent graduates.
Consider the long-term financial implications of delayed licensure versus the costs of retaking. Licensed psychologists typically earn substantially more than unlicensed practitioners, with salary differentials often exceeding $20,000 annually. This perspective helps contextualize retaking expenses as investments in career advancement rather than simply costs.
Financial Planning and Cost Management
The financial burden of EPPP preparation and administration extends well beyond examination fees, encompassing study materials, potential lost income, and possible retaking expenses. Comprehensive financial planning ensures that economic constraints don’t compromise the quality of preparation or create undue stress during this critical period. This section provides detailed cost analysis and strategies for managing expenses while maximizing preparation effectiveness.
Comprehensive Cost Analysis
Direct examination costs represent only a portion of total expenses. Part 1 base fee of $600 plus jurisdictional fees ($50-$300) and Part 2 fee of $450 plus administrative costs typically total $1,200-$1,500 for first attempts. However, comprehensive preparation programs range from $595 (basic online programs) to $1,795 (premium packages with coaching), while supplementary materials, practice examinations, and reference texts may add another $200-$500.
Indirect costs often exceed direct expenses, particularly for those reducing work hours during intensive preparation. Assuming 15-20 weekly study hours over 16 weeks represents a potential loss of 240-320 hours of income. At typical pre-licensure psychology wages ($25-$40 per hour), this opportunity cost ranges from $6,000 to $12,800. Additionally, consider transportation to testing centers, potential overnight accommodations for distant locations, and miscellaneous expenses like printing, office supplies, and internet access.
The financial impact of potential retaking multiplies these costs. With 41% first-time failure rates, budgeting should account for possible multiple attempts. Second attempts typically require additional study materials, continued income reduction, and renewed examination fees, potentially doubling or tripling total investment. Successful financial planning anticipates these possibilities rather than assuming first-attempt success.
Cost Management Strategies
Strategic resource allocation optimizes preparation quality while managing expenses effectively. You can start with free or low-cost resources to establish baseline knowledge before investing in comprehensive programs. Many university libraries maintain EPPP preparation materials available to alums, while interlibrary loan services provide access to additional resources. Online forums and study groups provide peer support and resource sharing without financial investment.
Consider group purchasing arrangements for expensive study materials. Many preparation companies offer group discounts for cohorts of 3-5 students, reducing individual costs by 15-25%. Coordinate with classmates from your APA-accredited PsyD program or with current colleagues who are preparing simultaneously. Share resources, such as flashcards, summary notes, and practice questions, while maintaining individual accountability for learning.
Explore employer-sponsored professional development benefits that might cover examination expenses. Organizations that employ psychology doctoral graduates often support licensure pursuits through fee reimbursement, paid study time, or professional development funds. Negotiate these benefits during job offers or annual reviews, emphasizing how licensure benefits the organization through expanded service capabilities and credentialing requirements.
For recent graduates, could you investigate whether student loan funds can cover examination-related expenses? Some federal and private loans permit the use of funds for professional licensing examinations required for employment in your field of study—document examination requirements for your intended practice area when requesting funding authorization.
Return on Investment Analysis
While EPPP expenses seem substantial, licensure typically generates significant financial returns. According to our salary data, licensed clinical psychologists earn median salaries of $96,100 nationally, compared to $65,000 to $75,000 for unlicensed practitioners with doctoral degrees. This $20,000-$30,000 annual differential means examination investments typically recover within the first year of licensed practice.
Beyond immediate salary increases, licensure enables independent practice, consultation opportunities, and supervision privileges that further enhance earning potential. Many licensed psychologists supplement their primary income through private practice, expert testimony, or specialized assessments, with hourly rates ranging from $150 to $400, depending on specialization and geographic location. These opportunities remain inaccessible primarily to unlicensed practitioners, regardless of their doctoral preparation.
Consider long-term career trajectory when evaluating examination investments. Delaying licensure by even one year represents a loss of $20,000-$30,000 in foregone salary increases, not considering lost advancement opportunities or compound earnings growth. This perspective reframes examination expenses from burdensome costs to strategic career investments with measurable returns.
State-Specific Requirements and Considerations
While the EPPP provides standardized assessments across jurisdictions, individual states maintain unique licensure requirements beyond passing the examination. Understanding your specific state’s requirements, including score thresholds, supplementary examinations, and supervised experience specifications, ensures efficient navigation of the licensure process. This section addresses key variations and considerations for strategic planning.
Score Requirements and Jurisdictional Variations
Part 1 passing scores vary by jurisdiction, ranging from 400 to 500 on the scaled scoring system (200-800 range). Most states require a minimum score of 500, equivalent to approximately 70% correct responses. However, some jurisdictions maintain lower thresholds, with scores of 450 or even 400 sufficient for licensure. Understanding your state’s requirements influences the intensity of preparation and decisions about retaking the exam.
Part 2 implementation remains inconsistent across jurisdictions, with some states requiring passage while others have not yet adopted this component. As of 2024, approximately 35 states require Part 2, although this number continues to grow as more jurisdictions recognize its value in assessing practical competencies. Please check your state board’s current requirements, as policies are subject to frequent change.
Several states mandate jurisprudence examinations testing knowledge of state-specific laws, regulations, and ethical codes. These examinations, separate from the EPPP, typically cover topics like mandatory reporting requirements, scope of practice limitations, and state-specific consent procedures. California’s particularly comprehensive jurisprudence examination requires dedicated preparation beyond EPPP study.
Some jurisdictions impose time limits between degree completion and subsequent examination attempts, or between examination failure and the opportunity to retake it. New York, for instance, requires candidates to take the EPPP within two years of completing supervised experience. Understanding these timelines ensures strategic scheduling that maximizes preparation while meeting regulatory deadlines.
Supervised Experience Considerations
States vary significantly in supervised experience requirements, ranging from 1,500 to 4,000 hours of postdoctoral supervision. Some jurisdictions count predoctoral internship hours toward this requirement, while others mandate that all hours occur post-degree. These variations impact when candidates become eligible for examination and licensure.
The nature of acceptable supervised experience also varies. While most states accept diverse clinical experiences, some maintain specific requirements for assessment, intervention, or consultation hours. Certain jurisdictions require experience across multiple settings or populations, while others permit specialization in particular areas. Document your experiences carefully, ensuring they meet your state’s specific categories and requirements.
Supervisor qualifications differ across jurisdictions, with some states requiring supervisors to hold licenses in psychology specifically, while others accept related mental health professionals. Some jurisdictions require supervisors to complete specific training or hold particular credentials. Verify supervisor eligibility before beginning supervised experience to avoid complications during the licensure application process.
Reciprocity and Mobility Considerations
If you anticipate relocating, consider pursuing licensure in states with broad reciprocity agreements or participating in the Psychology Interjurisdictional Compact (PSYPACT). PSYPACT enables licensed psychologists to practice across member states through temporary authorization, reducing barriers to interstate mobility. Currently, over 35 states participate in PSYPACT, with membership continuing to expand.
Some states maintain more stringent requirements that complicate the process of reciprocity. California’s unique oral examination requirement, New York’s specific character and fitness reviews, and certain states’ continuing education mandates may require additional preparation even for licensed psychologists from other jurisdictions. Could you research potential future practice locations when selecting initial licensure states to ensure optimal career opportunities?
Consider whether your intended practice areas align with state-specific scope of practice regulations. Some jurisdictions restrict certain activities, such as neuropsychological assessment or the exercise of prescriptive authority, to psychologists who have undergone additional training or certification. Understanding these limitations informs both examination preparation priorities and career planning decisions.
Strategic Consideration: If your state requires lower Part 1 scores or hasn’t yet adopted Part 2, resist the temptation to minimize preparation. Future reciprocity applications may require meeting higher standards, and many employers prefer candidates who exceed minimum requirements. Prepare for the highest standards you may encounter throughout your career, rather than the current minimum requirements.
Creating Your Personalized EPPP Study Guide
The journey toward EPPP success requires more than generic preparation strategies—it demands a personalized approach tailored to your unique strengths, challenges, and circumstances. As you prepare for this pivotal examination, remember that your PsyD program has provided you with a substantial foundation, particularly in clinical application areas. The challenge lies in supplementing this practical expertise with the broad theoretical knowledge the examination demands.
Success on both Part 1 and Part 2 requires embracing the comprehensive nature of the examination while maintaining confidence in your clinical training. Many accomplished psychologists describe EPPP preparation as a transformative experience that deepened their professional knowledge and strengthened their professional identity. I’d like you to approach this challenge as an opportunity for professional growth rather than simply a licensure hurdle.
For those still completing their doctoral studies, understanding EPPP requirements can inform your choices for remaining coursework and clinical training decisions. Students in accredited online PsyD programs or hybrid PsyD degree programs should pay particular attention to ensuring comprehensive coverage of all EPPP domains, as distance learning formats may require more self-directed supplementation of biological and research methodology content.
Remember that examination failure, while emotionally challenging, doesn’t define your professional potential. Many distinguished psychologists required multiple attempts before achieving licensure, with the experience ultimately strengthening their commitment to the profession. The resilience developed through navigating examination challenges often enhances clinical effectiveness and professional development.
As you embark on or continue your EPPP preparation journey, maintain a balance between intensive study and self-care. The examination tests not only your knowledge but also your ability to maintain performance under pressure—skills directly applicable to professional practice. Trust in your preparation, rely on your support systems, and approach the examination with confidence grounded in thorough preparation.
The investment required for EPPP success—financial, temporal, and emotional—pales in comparison to the professional opportunities licensure enables. Whether your interests lie in high-paying psychology careers or specialized clinical populations, licensure opens doors that remain closed to even the most talented unlicensed practitioners. Your doctoral education represents substantial achievement; the EPPP provides the final step toward full professional autonomy.
May 2024 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics salary data for Psychologists. Job growth projections from the U.S. Department of Labor’s CareerOneStop. Information based on national data, not school-specific information. Conditions in your area may vary. Data accessed August 2025.
Frequently Asked Questions About EPPP Preparation
When should I start preparing for the EPPP?
Most successful candidates begin structured preparation 3-4 months before their intended test date, dedicating 15-20 hours weekly to study activities. However, informal preparation should begin during your doctoral program by maintaining comprehensive notes and actively engaging with coursework covering EPPP domains. Recent graduates often find that taking the examination within 6-12 months of degree completion is optimal, as knowledge remains fresh and before clinical responsibilities become overwhelming.
Should I take Part 1 and Part 2 simultaneously or separately?
Most experts recommend taking Part 1 first, then scheduling Part 2 after receiving passing results. This approach allows focused preparation for each examination’s unique format and content. Taking both simultaneously risks dividing attention and potentially failing to meet the requirements of either component. However, some jurisdictions require both parts to be passed within specific timeframes. Could you please verify your state’s requirements? The sequential approach also provides valuable learning from Part 1 experience that can inform Part 2 preparation strategies.
What if my PsyD program didn’t adequately cover biological bases or research methods?
Many practice-oriented PsyD programs emphasize clinical training over biological and research foundations, requiring supplementary preparation for these domains. Consider auditing undergraduate neuroscience or graduate-level statistics courses at local universities to gain a deeper understanding of these fields. Online platforms like Coursera offer courses in neuroscience and research methods from prestigious institutions. Dedicate proportionally more study time to these areas, potentially 30-40% of total preparation time. Focus on high-yield topics that are frequently tested, rather than attempting comprehensive mastery of all biological and statistical concepts.
How do I maintain motivation during extended preparation periods?
Maintaining motivation throughout 16 weeks or more of intensive study requires strategic planning and effective support systems. Set weekly mini-goals with small rewards for achievement. Join study groups for accountability and mutual encouragement. Visualize post-licensure opportunities and remind yourself why licensure is essential for achieving your career goals. Schedule regular breaks and engage in activities that bring joy and provide stress relief. Consider working with a coach or mentor who can encourage you during challenging periods. Remember that temporary sacrifice leads to permanent professional advancement.
What accommodations are available for test-takers with disabilities?
The ASPPB provides various accommodations for candidates with documented disabilities, including extended time, separate testing rooms, screen readers, and alternative response formats. Request accommodations during registration, providing comprehensive documentation from qualified professionals. The review process typically takes 4-6 weeks, so we recommend applying early. Standard accommodations include 50% additional time for candidates with ADHD or learning disabilities, though specific approvals depend on individual documentation. If you received accommodations during your doctoral program, could you gather this documentation to support your EPPP accommodation request?
Is it worthwhile to invest in comprehensive review programs?
The value of comprehensive review programs depends on your learning style, self-discipline, and financial resources. These programs provide structure, accountability, and proven preparation strategies that benefit many candidates. Statistics suggest higher pass rates for those using comprehensive programs; however, motivated self-studiers can also succeed with less expensive resources. Consider your track record with self-directed learning: if you struggled with dissertation completion or comprehensive examinations without external structure, comprehensive programs may justify their cost. Many candidates find middle-ground solutions, using moderate-cost programs supplemented with free resources, and achieve good results without incurring maximum expense.
