How Much Do Neuropsychologists Make in 2025?
Neuropsychology represents one of the most specialized and rewarding career paths within clinical psychology, combining expertise in neuroscience with practical patient care. As prospective psychology students evaluate doctoral programs and career trajectories, understanding the comprehensive salary landscape for neuropsychologists becomes essential for informed decision-making.
What’s in This Guide?
- What is a Neuropsychologist?
- Neuropsychologist Salary Overview
- Salary by State and Region
- Factors Affecting Neuropsychologist Salaries
- Education and Training Requirements
- Career Progression and Advancement
- Work Settings and Salary Differences
- Job Outlook 2025-2035
- Salary Comparison with Related Careers
- Frequently Asked Questions
The field has experienced remarkable growth over the past decade, driven by advances in brain imaging technology, increased recognition of traumatic brain injuries, and an aging population requiring specialized cognitive assessment and treatment. This comprehensive guide examines neuropsychologist salaries across various dimensions, including geographic variations, experience levels, and practice settings.
What is a Neuropsychologist?
Neuropsychologists are specialized clinical psychologists who focus on understanding the intricate relationships between brain function, behavior, and cognitive processes. According to the American Psychological Association’s Division 40 (Society for Clinical Neuropsychology), these professionals undergo extensive training beyond the doctoral level to assess, diagnose, and treat individuals with brain injuries, neurological disorders, and neurodevelopmental conditions.
The profession requires a unique blend of scientific rigor and clinical compassion. Neuropsychologists work with patients across the lifespan, from pediatric cases involving developmental disorders to geriatric populations experiencing dementia or stroke-related cognitive changes. Their expertise extends beyond traditional psychological assessment, incorporating sophisticated neuroimaging interpretation, comprehensive cognitive testing batteries, and evidence-based rehabilitation strategies.
Unlike general clinical psychologists, neuropsychologists undergo additional postdoctoral training that is focused explicitly on brain-behavior relationships. This specialized training, typically lasting two years, prepares them to work in complex medical settings where their expertise directly influences treatment planning for conditions ranging from epilepsy to traumatic brain injury.
Neuropsychologist Salary Overview
The financial rewards for neuropsychologists reflect both the extensive training required and the specialized nature of their expertise. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, neuropsychologists fall within the category of “Psychologists, all other,” which reports distinctly higher salaries than general psychology positions.
Current salary data reveal a robust compensation structure for neuropsychologists at various career stages:
| Experience Level | Annual Salary Range | Median Salary |
|---|---|---|
| Entry Level (0-2 years) | $76,550 – $95,000 | $85,775 |
| Early Career (3-5 years) | $95,000 – $117,750 | $106,375 |
| Mid-Career (6-10 years) | $117,750 – $138,280 | $128,015 |
| Senior Level (10+ years) | $138,280 – $157,420+ | $147,850 |
Board-certified neuropsychologists through the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) typically command salaries 15-20% higher than non-certified practitioners. This certification, although not mandatory, has become increasingly valued by employers and significantly impacts one’s earning potential throughout their career.
Neuropsychologist Salary by State and Region
Geographic location significantly influences neuropsychologist compensation, with variations reflecting the cost of living, demand for services, and concentration of medical facilities. The following comprehensive data represents average salaries for neuropsychologists across all U.S. states:
| State | Average Annual Salary | Hourly Rate | Cost of Living Index |
|---|---|---|---|
| California | $134,360 | $64.60 | 149.9 |
| Hawaii | $125,790 | $60.48 | 193.3 |
| Oregon | $125,130 | $60.16 | 134.2 |
| Nevada | $124,650 | $59.93 | 110.5 |
| Massachusetts | $122,690 | $58.99 | 149.7 |
| Texas | $120,040 | $57.71 | 103.3 |
| Wisconsin | $116,640 | $56.08 | 97.3 |
| South Carolina | $116,200 | $55.86 | 95.9 |
| Virginia | $115,540 | $55.55 | 103.7 |
| New Jersey | $114,830 | $55.21 | 125.1 |
Metropolitan areas with major medical centers and research universities typically offer the highest salaries. Cities like Boston, San Francisco, and New York City lead the way in compensation, although cost-of-living considerations may offset some of the salary advantages. Rural areas and smaller cities often compensate with loan forgiveness programs and lower living costs.
Factors Affecting Neuropsychologist Salaries
Multiple variables influence neuropsychologists compensation beyond geographic location. Understanding these factors enables professionals to plan their career trajectories and negotiate suitable compensation packages strategically.
Specialization Areas
Neuropsychologists who develop expertise in high-demand subspecialties often command premium salaries. Forensic neuropsychology, particularly expert witness testimony, can significantly boost income through consultation fees. Pediatric neuropsychologists working with complex developmental disorders frequently earn above-average wages due to the specialized training required. Sports-related concussion assessment has emerged as another lucrative subspecialty, with professional sports organizations and collegiate athletics programs seeking qualified practitioners.
Board Certification and Credentials
The American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology (ABCN) certification represents the gold standard in the field. Board-certified practitioners report average salary increases of $15,000 to $25,000 compared to their non-certified colleagues. Additional certifications in pediatric neuropsychology or rehabilitation psychology further enhance earning potential and marketability.
Research and Publication Record
Neuropsychologists who maintain active research programs and publish regularly often secure higher salaries, particularly in academic medical centers. Grant funding success, especially from the National Institutes of Health, substantially impacts compensation in university settings. Those who develop widely used assessment tools or treatment protocols may receive royalties that supplement their base salaries.
Education and Training Requirements
The path to becoming a neuropsychologist requires a substantial educational investment, typically spanning 7-10 years beyond the baccalaureate degree. This extensive training justifies the higher salary ranges compared to master’s-level mental health professionals.
The educational journey begins with doctoral training in clinical psychology, typically pursued through either a PsyD or PhD program. While both degrees can lead to careers in neuropsychology, PhD programs normally provide more extensive research training, which may be advantageous for those seeking academic or research-oriented positions. The doctoral phase typically requires 5-7 years, including coursework, research, and a one-year predoctoral internship.
Following doctoral completion, aspiring neuropsychologists must complete a two-year postdoctoral fellowship specifically focused on neuropsychology. These fellowships, ideally accredited by the Association of Postdoctoral Programs in Clinical Neuropsychology (APPCN), provide intensive training in neuropsychological assessment, intervention, and consultation. Fellowship programs often specialize in particular populations or disorders, enabling trainees to develop expertise that can positively impact their future earning potential.
Licensing and Certification Timeline
| Career Stage | Requirements | Typical Timeline | Average Salary Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Doctoral Student | Completing PsyD/PhD | Years 1-5 | $0-$35,000 (stipend) |
| Predoctoral Intern | APA-accredited internship | Year 6 | $30,000-$40,000 |
| Postdoctoral Fellow | Neuropsychology fellowship | Years 7-8 | $50,000-$65,000 |
| Early Career | Licensed psychologist | Years 9-11 | $85,000-$105,000 |
| Board Eligible | Meeting ABCN requirements | Years 12-14 | $110,000-$130,000 |
| Board Certified | ABCN certification | Year 15+ | $130,000-$160,000+ |
Career Progression and Advancement
Neuropsychologist career trajectories vary considerably based on practice setting and individual goals. Understanding typical progression pathways helps professionals maximize their earning potential while aligning with personal and professional objectives.
In hospital and medical center settings, neuropsychologists typically advance through clinical ranks, progressing from staff neuropsychologist to senior positions with supervisory responsibilities. Department directors and service chiefs in major medical centers often earn salaries exceeding $200,000, particularly when their responsibilities include both clinical, administrative, and teaching duties.
Academic career paths offer unique advancement opportunities through the traditional assistant, associate, and full professor ranks. Academic neuropsychologists who secure tenure and establish productive research programs may supplement their base salaries through grant funding, consultation, and speaking engagements. Distinguished professors at top-tier universities can earn comparable wages to their clinical counterparts while enjoying greater flexibility in their schedules.
Private practice represents the highest earning potential for experienced neuropsychologists. Successful practices in metropolitan areas routinely generate annual revenues exceeding $300,000 for solo practitioners. Group practices and neuropsychology clinics offer opportunities to share overhead costs while maintaining high income levels. Forensic consultation and independent medical examinations provide additional revenue streams for private practitioners.
Work Settings and Salary Differences
The practice environment has a significant impact on both salary and job satisfaction for neuropsychologists. Each setting offers distinct advantages and compensation structures that appeal to different career priorities.
Hospital and Medical Centers
Major medical centers remain the largest employers of neuropsychologists, offering comprehensive benefits packages alongside competitive salaries. Academic medical centers typically offer salaries ranging from $95,000 for new graduates to $180,000 for senior faculty members. The integration with multidisciplinary teams, access to cutting-edge technology, and diverse patient populations make hospitals attractive, despite potentially lower salaries than those in private practice.
Private Practice and Group Clinics
Independent practice offers the most significant income potential but requires business acumen and initial investment. Established neuropsychologists in private practice report average annual incomes of $150,000 to $250,000, with those specializing in forensic work or serving affluent markets earning considerably more. Group practices offer a middle ground, providing an income potential of $130,000-$180,000 while sharing administrative burdens.
Research Institutions and Universities
Research-focused positions typically offer lower base salaries but provide opportunities for grant funding and intellectual freedom. National laboratories and research institutes offer salaries ranging from $100,000 to $140,000, with senior scientists earning higher salaries. University positions combine teaching, research, and clinical work, with wages varying widely based on institution prestige and funding availability.
Government and Military Settings
Federal positions through the Veterans Administration or the Department of Defense offer stable employment with excellent benefits. GS-13 to GS-15 level psychologists earn between $96,000 and $172,000, depending on location and experience. Military neuropsychologists may receive additional allowances and benefits that significantly enhance their total compensation.
Job Outlook 2025-2035
The employment landscape for neuropsychologists appears exceptionally promising, with multiple factors driving sustained demand growth. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects a 7% growth rate for psychologists overall through 2033, but neuropsychology is expected to exceed this average due to specialized demand factors.
The aging population represents the most significant driver of growth in neuropsychology jobs. As baby boomers enter their 70s and 80s, the prevalence of neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias will increase dramatically. The Alzheimer’s Association projects that by 2050, the number of Americans with Alzheimer’s will reach 12.7 million, creating unprecedented demand for neuropsychological assessment and intervention services.
Advances in medical treatment have improved survival rates for stroke, traumatic brain injury, and brain tumor patients, all of whom require neuropsychological services during recovery. The growing recognition of sports-related concussions has created new practice opportunities in athletics at all levels. Additionally, the increasing sophistication of neuroimaging technology requires skilled professionals who can integrate imaging findings with behavioral assessment.
Emerging areas of practice include telehealth neuropsychology, which expanded dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic and continues to improve access to specialized services. Technology companies increasingly employ neuropsychologists to develop cognitive assessment apps and brain training programs. The integration of artificial intelligence in neuropsychological assessment presents both challenges and opportunities for the field’s evolution.
Salary Comparison with Related Careers
Understanding how neuropsychologist salaries compare to related professions helps prospective students make informed career decisions. The specialized training required for neuropsychology generally results in higher compensation than general psychology positions, but may be comparable to other medical specialties that require similar training durations.
| Career | Median Annual Salary | Education Required | Years of Training |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neuropsychologist | $117,750 | Doctoral + Fellowship | 7-10 years |
| Clinical Psychologist | $96,100 | Doctoral | 5-7 years |
| Psychiatrist | $256,930 | MD + Residency | 8-12 years |
| School Psychologist | $84,940 | Specialist/Doctoral | 3-7 years |
| Counseling Psychologist | $96,100 | Doctoral | 5-7 years |
| Industrial-Organizational Psychologist | $147,420 | Master’s/Doctoral | 2-7 years |
While psychiatrists earn significantly higher salaries, they also incur substantially higher educational debt and malpractice insurance costs. Industrial-organizational psychologists may earn comparable salaries with less clinical responsibility and lower liability exposure. The choice between these careers often depends on individual interests in clinical work versus research or consultation.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take to become a neuropsychologist?
Becoming a neuropsychologist typically requires 7-10 years of education and training following the completion of a bachelor’s degree. This includes 5-7 years for a doctoral degree (PsyD or PhD) in clinical psychology, followed by a 2-year postdoctoral fellowship in neuropsychology. Additional time may be needed to obtain board certification through the American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology (ABCN).
What’s the difference between a neuropsychologist and a clinical psychologist?
While both are doctoral-level psychologists, neuropsychologists complete additional specialized training in brain-behavior relationships. Neuropsychologists focus specifically on how brain injuries, diseases, and developmental disorders affect cognitive function and behavior. They use specialized assessment tools and work closely with medical teams. Clinical psychologists have broader training in mental health treatment but may not have the specialized neurological expertise.
Do neuropsychologists need board certification to practice?
Board certification through the American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology (ABCN) is not legally required to practice as a neuropsychologist, but it has become increasingly important for career advancement. Many hospitals and clinics prefer or require board certification, and certified neuropsychologists typically earn 15-20% more than non-certified practitioners. The certification process requires extensive documentation of training, experience, and passing a comprehensive examination.
Which settings pay neuropsychologists the most?
Private practice typically offers the highest earning potential for neuropsychologists, with established practitioners earning between $150,000 and $250,000 or more annually. Forensic consultation and independent medical examinations can be particularly lucrative. However, hospital-based positions in major medical centers and specialized research institutions also offer competitive salaries, ranging from $120,000 to $180,000, along with comprehensive benefits packages and job security.
Is a PsyD or PhD better for a career in neuropsychology?
Both the PsyD and PhD degrees can lead to successful careers in neuropsychology. PhD programs typically emphasize research training and may be preferable for those interested in academic or research positions. PsyD programs tend to focus more on clinical practice and often offer more extensive clinical training. The choice should align with your career goals: choose a PhD for research-oriented careers and a PsyD for primarily clinical practice. Both degrees are equally accepted for admission to neuropsychology fellowship programs and for board certification.
What is the job market like for new neuropsychology graduates?
The job market for neuropsychologists is robust and growing, with strong demand in geriatric settings, rehabilitation centers, and concussion clinics. New graduates with completed postdoctoral fellowships typically receive multiple job offers. Metropolitan areas with major medical centers offer the most opportunities, though rural regions often provide loan forgiveness programs and competitive salaries to attract qualified professionals. The expanding role of telehealth has also increased access to positions regardless of geographic location.
How much can neuropsychologists make in forensic work?
Forensic neuropsychology can be highly lucrative, with experienced practitioners charging $300 to $500 per hour for evaluation services and $500 to $1,000 per hour for expert testimony. Full-time forensic neuropsychologists can earn between $200,000 and $400,000 annually, although this work requires additional training in legal procedures and excellent communication skills. Many neuropsychologists incorporate forensic work as a supplement to their primary practice, adding $50,000 to $100,000 to their annual income.
What are the highest-paying subspecialties in neuropsychology?
The highest-paying neuropsychology subspecialties include forensic neuropsychology, sports concussion assessment, and pediatric neuropsychology for the evaluation of complex developmental disorders. Forensic work, particularly expert witness testimony, commands the highest hourly rates. Sports neuropsychology positions with professional teams or major university athletic programs typically offer salaries ranging from $150,000 to $200,000. Specialists in rare neurological conditions or those who develop proprietary assessment tools may also command premium salaries.
May 2024 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics salary for Psychologists, Psychologists, all other, and Postsecondary Psychology Teachers. National labor market information and state labor market information are also sourced from the U.S. Department of Labor, providing information based on national data, rather than school-specific information. Conditions in your area may vary. Data accessed August 2025.
